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Hookworms are the most common intestinal parasites infecting dogs. These are helminthes belonging to the family of Nematoda.
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The most common hookworms affecting dogs are those that belong to the genus of Ancylostoma and Uncinaria. Hookworms are cause infections also in cats and humans.
Hookworms derive their name from the hook-like mouth parts consisting of teeth-like structures or cutting plates with which the worms attach themselves to the intestinal wall. These parasites feed on the blood of the host animal. There are four different ways by which dogs can get infected with hook worms. Hookworms can enter the intestine either through oral route or through the skin. Dogs can become infected by ingesting food, soil or water contaminated with hookworm larvae. These larvae are excreted through the feces. Animals consuming infected feces or eating another host animal can also get infected with hookworms. Hookworms may also infect babies if a pregnant dog has hookworms. Larvae can pass through the placental blood flow and also through mother’s milk.
Hookworm infection can lead to severe anemia and diarrhea. This infection can sometimes be lethal to the puppies if not attended properly. The most common symptoms of hookworm infection include pale colored gums and stunted growth in young animals. Black colored or tarry stools are another common symptom observed during a hookworm infection. This is due to presence of blood in the feces. Irritation of the skin and itching indicates a heavy infection of the parasite. The animals appear weak with dry skin and dull-colored hair coat. Dogs finally succumb to the infection due to emaciation or extreme weight loss.
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